MongoDB简易教程mongo简介及应用场景安装和使用mongodbPHP中操作mongo数据库python中操作mongo数据库

port=xxxxx         //代表端口号，如果不指定则默认为 27017 
dbpath=/usr/local/mongodb/db    //数据库路径
logpath=/usr/local/mongodb/logs/mongodb.log //日志路径
logappend=true        //日志文件自动累加，而不是覆盖
fork=ture         //以守护进程方式创建

show dbs        //查看数据库
use dbname        //切换到数据库
db.createCollection('collection')  //创建数据表
db.collection.drop()     //删除数据表
db.dropDatabase()      //删数据库
db.collection.insert({data})   //插入数据
db.collection.find()     //显示数据表内全部内容

{key.attr.attr:value}          //普通式
{key:{$ne|$gt|$gte|$lt|$lte|$in|$nin|$all:value}}   //key满足 $oper value的值
{$or|$and|$not|$nor:[{key1:{$gt:value}},{key2:{$ne:value}}]} //用$oper同时限定key1,key2的条件
{key:{$mod{8,2}}}           //取出key对8取余为2的值。
{key:{$exist:1}}           //取出key列存在的值。
{key:{$type:String|Double|Array|Date|Object|Boolean|......}}//查询key类型为type的列
{key:{$regex:/pattern/}}         //通过正则查询，效率较低
{$where:'this.attr.express.....'}       //直接用where语句，二进制转为JS运算，较慢

db.collection.find(query,{要取出的列:1,不需要的列:0})  
db.collection.find(query).skip(跳过的行数).limit(限制信息条数);
db.collection.find(query).explain()   //与MYSQL的解释语句一样。
db.collection.remove(query,[justone]) //如不指定query,全部删除；[justone]默认为false意思是查询到多个，但只删一个。

db.collection.update(query,{key:newvalue}) //注意：新值会覆盖旧值,即数据只剩下语句中定义的key
db.collection.update(query,
{
 $set:{key:newvalue},
 $unset:{key:value},
 $rename:{key:value},
 $inc:{key:value},
 ......
},
{
 multi:true,  //改变所有符合条件的，默认为false
 upsert:true  //没有的话刚添加，默认为false
}
)

var cursorName=db.collection.fund(query,...)[.skip(num).limit(num)] //创建游标
cursorName.hasNext()            //判断是否有下一个
printjson(cursorName.next())          //输出游标的下一个指向值
cursorName.forEach(function(Obj){process Obj})      //遍历操作游标

db.collection.getIndexes()     //查看索引
db.collection.ensureIndex({key:1/-1[,key.attr:1/-1]},{unique:1(是否唯一)},{sparse:1(是否非空)})// 添加正序/倒序索引
db.collection.dropIndex({key:1/2})   //删除索引
db.collection.reIndex()   //重建用了很多出现杂乱的索引

db.runCommand(
 {
 mapReduce: collection,    //要操作的数据表
 map: function(){emit(key1,key2)}, //对key1和key2进行数据映射
 reduce: function(key,value){},  //对key值和数据组value进行操作
 out: <output>,
 query: <document>,
 sort: <document>,
 limit: <number>,
 finalize: <function>,
 scope: <document>,
 jsMode: <boolean>,
 verbose: <boolean>
 }
)

use admin;(切换到admin数据库，对此库操作)
db.createUser(
 {
 user: "username",
 pwd: "password",
 roles:
 [
 {
 role: "userAdminAnyDatabase",
 db: "admin"
 }
 ]
 }
)
use database;
db.auth('username','passwd');用超级管理员用户登陆后，整个mongo数据库皆可存取。

./mongoexport -d dataname -c tablename -f key1,key2 -q 'query' -o ainname --csv
//导出数据，默认为json格式
./mongoimport -d dataname -c tablename --type json --file ./path 
//导入数据，默认为json格式

use admin;
var rsconf={_id:'replname',members[{_id:0,host:'xxx'},{_id:1,host:'xxy'}]};

$mongo=new Mongo();
$mongo->connect('host',port);
$collection=$mongo->dbname->collection;
$cursor=$collection->find();
$cursor->operate();
$mongo->close();

pip install pymongo

In [1]: from pymongo import MongoClient
In [2]: m = MongoClient(host="127.0.0.1",port=27017)
In [3]: db = m.youdi
In [4]: col = youdi.col
In [7]: for i in col.find():
 ...:     print(i)

In [8]: dir(col)
Out[8]:
['_BaseObject__codec_options',
 '_BaseObject__read_concern',
 '_BaseObject__read_preference',
 '_BaseObject__write_concern',
 '_Collection__create',
 '_Collection__create_index',
 '_Collection__database',
 '_Collection__find_and_modify',
 '_Collection__full_name',
 '_Collection__name',
 '_Collection__write_response_codec_options',
 '__call__',
 '__class__',
 '__delattr__',
 '__dict__',
 '__dir__',
 '__doc__',
 '__eq__',
 '__format__',
 '__ge__',
 '__getattr__',
 '__getattribute__',
 '__getitem__',
 '__gt__',
 '__hash__',
 '__init__',
 '__init_subclass__',
 '__iter__',
 '__le__',
 '__lt__',
 '__module__',
 '__ne__',
 '__new__',
 '__next__',
 '__reduce__',
 '__reduce_ex__',
 '__repr__',
 '__setattr__',
 '__sizeof__',
 '__str__',
 '__subclasshook__',
 '__weakref__',
 '_aggregate',
 '_command',
 '_count',
 '_delete',
 '_delete_retryable',
 '_insert',
 '_insert_one',
 '_legacy_write',
 '_socket_for_primary_reads',
 '_socket_for_reads',
 '_socket_for_writes',
 '_update',
 '_update_retryable',
 'aggregate',
 'aggregate_raw_batches',
 'bulk_write',
 'codec_options',
 'count',
 'create_index',
 'create_indexes',
 'database',
 'delete_many',
 'delete_one',
 'distinct',
 'drop',
 'drop_index',
 'drop_indexes',
 'ensure_index',
 'find',
 'find_and_modify',
 'find_one',
 'find_one_and_delete',
 'find_one_and_replace',
 'find_one_and_update',
 'find_raw_batches',
 'full_name',
 'group',
 'index_information',
 'initialize_ordered_bulk_op',
 'initialize_unordered_bulk_op',
 'inline_map_reduce',
 'insert',
 'insert_many',
 'insert_one',
 'list_indexes',
 'map_reduce',
 'name',
 'next',
 'options',
 'parallel_scan',
 'read_concern',
 'read_preference',
 'reindex',
 'remove',
 'rename',
 'replace_one',
 'save',
 'update',
 'update_many',
 'update_one',
 'watch',
 'with_options',
 'write_concern']