进阶：如何让 AI 帮你写 Android 开发 Skill

android-dev/
├── SKILL.md
└── references/
├── conventions.md
├── crash_patterns.md
└── dependencies.md

---
name: android-dev
description: Android 开发辅助 skill。
当用户提出 Android 开发相关需求
时使用，包括：生成 Kotlin/Java
代码（ViewModel、Repository、
Compose UI、Room、Retrofit 等）、
分析 Crash/ANR 日志、审查
Android 代码质量、解释 Android
系统机制（生命周期、进程管理、
渲染流程）、提供依赖版本建议、
生成 Gradle 配置片段。
---# Android Dev Skill
# updated: 2025-Q4
# stack: Kotlin/Compose/Hilt## 代码生成规范详见 references/conventions.md：- 语言：优先 Kotlin
- 架构：MVVM + Repository
- 异步：suspend + Flow/StateFlow
- DI：Hilt（禁止 Koin）
- 状态：UiState sealed class
- 禁止：GlobalScope、裸 Thread## Crash 分析流程详见 references/crash_patterns.md：
1. 识别异常类型
2. 定位应用包名帧
3. 结合生命周期判断根因
4. 给出最小复现 + 修复方案## 依赖版本当前稳定版见 references/dependencies.md

## ViewModel 标准模板@HiltViewModel
class UserViewModel @Inject constructor(
private val repo: UserRepository
) : ViewModel() {private val _state =
MutableStateFlow<UserUiState>(
UserUiState.Loading
)
val state =
_state.asStateFlow()fun loadUser(id: String) {
viewModelScope.launch {
_state.value =
UserUiState.Loading
repo.getUser(id)
.onSuccess { user ->
_state.value =
UserUiState
.Success(user)
}
.onFailure { e ->
_state.value =
UserUiState
.Error(e.message)
}
}
}
}sealed class UserUiState {
object Loading : UserUiState()
data class Success(
val user: User
) : UserUiState()
data class Error(
val msg: String?
) : UserUiState()
}

## Repository 标准模板class UserRepository @Inject constructor(
private val remote:
UserRemoteDataSource,
private val local:
UserLocalDataSource
) {
suspend fun getUser(
id: String
): Result<User> =
runCatching {
local.getUser(id)
?: remote.fetchUser(id)
.also {
local.save(it)
}
}
}

## Compose UI 模板@Composable
fun UserScreen(
vm: UserViewModel =
hiltViewModel()
) {
val state by
vm.state
.collectAsStateWithLifecycle()when (state) {
is UserUiState.Loading ->
CircularProgressIndicator()
is UserUiState.Success ->
UserContent(
(state as
UserUiState.Success).user
)
is UserUiState.Error ->
ErrorView(
(state as
UserUiState.Error).msg
)
}
}

## ❌ 禁止模式// ❌ 内存泄漏
GlobalScope.launch { ... }
// ✅ 替代
viewModelScope.launch { ... }// ❌ Fragment binding 泄漏
// onDestroyView 后未置空
// ✅ 正确写法
private var _binding:
FragmentXxxBinding? = null
private val binding
get() = _binding!!override fun onDestroyView() {
super.onDestroyView()
_binding = null // 必须
}// ❌ 主线程 IO → ANR
prefs.edit().commit()
// ✅
prefs.edit().apply()// ❌ ViewModel 存 Context
class XxxViewModel(
val ctx: Context // 泄漏！
)
// ✅ 用 AndroidViewModel
//    或 SavedStateHandle// ❌ Repository 返回 LiveData
fun getUser(): LiveData<User>
// ✅
suspend fun getUser(): Result<User>
fun userFlow(): Flow<User>

## NPE / NullPointerException特征：`java.lang.NullPointerException`常见根因：
- View binding 在 onDestroyView
后被访问
- getActivity() 在 Fragment
detach 后调用
- Parcelable 字段未处理 null修复：
private var _binding:
FragmentXxxBinding? = null
override fun onDestroyView() {
super.onDestroyView()
_binding = null
}

## ANR特征：`ANR in <package>`
+ `Input dispatching timed out`分析步骤：
1. 看 main thread stacktrace
2. 识别阻塞类型：
- IO：SP.commit/File/DB
- 锁：synchronized 死锁
- Binder：跨进程超时修复：
// SP 改 apply
prefs.edit().apply()// DB 操作移到 IO 线程
withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
db.userDao().insert(user)
}

## OOM特征：
`OutOfMemoryError: Failed to allocate`常见根因：
- Bitmap 未回收 / 未采样
- 静态字段持有 Context/View
- RecyclerView 图片未复用Bitmap 安全加载：
val opts =
BitmapFactory.Options().apply {
inJustDecodeBounds = true
BitmapFactory
.decodeFile(path, this)
inSampleSize =
calcSampleSize(
this, reqW, reqH
)
inJustDecodeBounds = false
}
val bmp =
BitmapFactory
.decodeFile(path, opts)

## IllegalStateException常见场景：
- Fragment already added：
重复 add 同一 Fragment
- Can not perform after
onSaveInstanceState：
Activity 在后台时 commit
Fragment 事务
- ViewHolder views must not
be attached：RecyclerView
复用问题修复：非关键场景用
commitAllowingStateLoss()，
或在 onResume 中执行事务。

## 2025-Q4 稳定版[versions]
compose-bom = "2024.12.01"
lifecycle = "2.8.7"
hilt = "2.53"
room = "2.6.1"
navigation = "2.8.5"
retrofit = "2.11.0"
okhttp = "4.12.0"
coil = "2.7.0"
mockk = "1.13.13"
turbine = "1.2.0"[libraries]
compose-bom = {
group = "androidx.compose",
name = "compose-bom",
version.ref = "compose-bom"
}
hilt-android = {
group = "com.google.dagger",
name = "hilt-android",
version.ref = "hilt"
}
lifecycle-viewmodel = {
group = "androidx.lifecycle",
name = "lifecycle-viewmodel-ktx",
version.ref = "lifecycle"
}
room-ktx = {
group = "androidx.room",
name = "room-ktx",
version.ref = "room"
}
coil = {
group = "io.coil-kt",
name = "coil-compose",
version.ref = "coil"
}

python3 package_skill.py \
./android-dev \
./dist
# → dist/android-dev.skill
# 本质是 zip，放进 Git 管理