AIX (如果有人关心的话,还有HPUX )有一个很好的小特性,称为msemaphores,它可以轻松地同步由多个进程共享的内存映射文件的细粒度片段(例如记录)。有没有人意识到linux中有一些类似的东西?
为了清楚起见,通过相关链接here描述了msemaphore函数。
发布于 2009-05-08 02:25:52
如果sem_init(3)的第二个参数"pshared“为真,则可以将POSIX semaphores放在进程之间共享的内存中。这似乎和msem所做的是一样的。
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main() {
void *shared;
sem_t *sem;
int counter, *data;
pid_t pid;
srand(time(NULL));
shared = mmap(NULL, sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE), PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_SHARED, -1, 0);
sem_init(sem = shared, 1, 1);
data = shared + sizeof(sem_t);
counter = *data = 0;
pid = fork();
while (1) {
sem_wait(sem);
if (pid)
printf("ping>%d %d\n", data[0] = rand(), data[1] = rand());
else if (counter != data[0]) {
printf("pong<%d", counter = data[0]);
sleep(2);
printf(" %d\n", data[1]);
}
sem_post(sem);
if (pid) sleep(1);
}
}这是一个相当愚蠢的测试,但它是有效的:
$ cc -o test -lrt test.c
$ ./test
ping>2098529942 315244699
pong<2098529942 315244699
pong<1195826161 424832009
ping>1195826161 424832009
pong<1858302907 1740879454
ping>1858302907 1740879454
ping>568318608 566229809
pong<568318608 566229809
ping>1469118213 999421338
pong<1469118213 999421338
ping>1247594672 1837310825
pong<1247594672 1837310825
ping>478016018 1861977274
pong<478016018 1861977274
ping>1022490459 935101133
pong<1022490459 935101133
...因为信号量是在两个进程之间共享的,所以pong不会从ping获得交错数据,尽管sleep是。
发布于 2009-05-08 02:39:52
这可以使用POSIX共享内存互斥锁来完成:
pthread_mutexattr_t attr;
int pshared = PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED;
pthread_mutexattr_init(&attr);
pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(&attr, &pshared);
pthread_mutex_init(&some_shared_mmap_structure.mutex, &attr);
pthread_mutexattr_destroy(&attr);现在,您可以使用普通的pthread_mutex_lock()等调用,从映射了&some_shared_mmap_structure.mutex的多个进程中解锁和锁定它。
实际上,您甚至可以从以下方面实现msem API:(未测试)
struct msemaphore {
pthread_mutex_t mut;
};
#define MSEM_LOCKED 1
#define MSEM_UNLOCKED 0
#define MSEM_IF_NOWAIT 1
msemaphore *msem_init(msemaphore *msem_p, int initialvalue) {
pthread_mutex_attr_t attr;
int pshared = PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED;
assert((unsigned long)msem_p & 7 == 0); // check alignment
pthread_mutexattr_init(&attr);
pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(&attr, &pshared); // might fail, you should probably check
pthread_mutex_init(&msem_p->mut, &attr); // never fails
pthread_mutexattr_destroy(&attr);
if (initialvalue)
pthread_mutex_lock(&attr);
return msem_p;
}
int msem_remove(msemaphore *msem) {
return pthread_mutex_destroy(&msem->mut) ? -1 : 0;
}
int msem_lock(msemaphore *msem, int cond) {
int ret;
if (cond == MSEM_IF_NOWAIT)
ret = pthread_mutex_trylock(&msem->mut);
else
ret = pthread_mutex_lock(&msem->mut);
return ret ? -1 : 0;
}
int msem_unlock(msemaphore *msem, int cond) {
// pthreads does not allow us to directly ascertain whether there are
// waiters. However, a unlock/trylock with no contention is -very- fast
// using linux's pthreads implementation, so just do that instead if
// you care.
//
// nb, only fails if the mutex is not initialized
return pthread_mutex_unlock(&msem->mut) ? -1 : 0;
}发布于 2009-05-07 20:48:28
在Linux下,您也许能够使用SysV共享内存实现您想要的东西;快速搜索this (rather old) guide可能会有所帮助。
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/836925
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