blocks|key|900273|text|Windows和Linux使用不同的容器格式来保存可执行代码(与ELF).|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|900274|Windows和Linux相比，PE有完全不同的API(除了只使用CRT和的小程序，|unordered-list-item|900275|和Linux有完全不同的目录结构|900276|900277|900278|您可以编写一个程序，它可以使用任何一组API(例如，使用Qt)，并且可以处理任何一种目录结构，但是由于容器格式的不同，您仍然无法在两个操作系统上运行相同的文件。|900279|这可以通过使用Wine来解决。|900280|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable_and_Linkable_Format|1|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Executable|2|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qt_%2528software%2529|3|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine_%2528software%2529^0|W|3|0|0|G|2|1|0|0|0|0|S|2|2|0|7|4|3|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@$A|13|B|14|1|15]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|16|8|@]|9|@$A|17|B|18|1|19]]|C|$]]|$1|G|3|H|5|F|7|1A|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|1B|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|J|3|-4|5|6|7|1C|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|1D|8|@]|9|@$A|1E|B|1F|1|1G]]|C|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|1H|8|@]|9|@$A|1I|B|1J|1|1K]]|C|$]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|1L|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|P|$Q|$5|R|S|T|C|$U|V]]|W|$5|R|S|T|C|$U|X]]|Y|$5|R|S|T|C|$U|Z]]|10|$5|R|S|T|C|$U|11]]]]

<ul>
<li>Windows and Linux use different container formats to hold the executable code (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Executable" rel="noreferrer">PE</a> vs <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable_and_Linkable_Format" rel="noreferrer">ELF</a>).</li>
<li>Windows and Linux have completely different APIs (except for trivial programs that only use the CRT and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Template_Library" rel="noreferrer">STL</a>)</li>
<li>Windows and Linux have a completely different directory structure</li>
</ul>

You could write a program that can use either set of APIs (for example, using <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qt_%28software%29" rel="noreferrer">Qt</a>), and that can handle either directory structure, but you still won't be able to run the same file on both operating systems because of the differing container formats.

This can be solved by using <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine_%28software%29" rel="noreferrer">Wine</a>.

blocks|key|2681242|text|简而言之，|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2681243|运行PE+format+executables|offset|length|2681244|Linux和ELF+format+executables|unordered-list-item|2681245|
的|2681246|2681247|2681248|此外，即使有在PE和ELF之间进行转换的工具，在Windows和Linux之间，与操作系统交互所需的程序指令也完全不同。只有最受限制的仅限计算的代码(只进行计算，根本不与操作系统交互)可以在没有特殊操作的情况下在系统之间移植。然而，这很少这样做。|2681249|我相信Linux的一些版本允许你直接加载为Windows设计的设备驱动程序，而不需要重新编译。但是，这是一个非常特殊的应用程序，并且该技术并不普遍使用。|2681250|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Executable|1|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable_and_Linkable_Format^0|0|2|L|0|0|6|M|1|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|11|8|@]|9|@$D|12|E|13|1|14]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|15|8|@]|9|@$D|16|E|17|1|18]]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|19|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|H|7|1A|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|-4|5|6|7|1B|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|1C|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|1D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|-4|5|6|7|1E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|R|$S|$5|T|U|V|A|$W|X]]|Y|$5|T|U|V|A|$W|Z]]]]

In a nutshell,

<ul>
<li>Windows runs <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Executable" rel="nofollow noreferrer">PE format executables</a></li>
<li>Linux runs <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable_and_Linkable_Format" rel="nofollow noreferrer">ELF format executables</a></li>
</ul>

Furthermore, even if there were a tool to convert between PE and ELF, the program instructions necessary to interface with the operating system are completely different between Windows and Linux. Only the most restricted computation-only code (that only does calculations and doesn't interact with the operating system at all) could be ported between systems without special action. However, this is rarely done.

I believe some versions of Linux allow you to directly load device drivers designed for Windows without recompiling. However, this is an extremely special purpose application and the technique is not generally used.

blocks|key|1271853|text|每个操作系统定义一个API。如果您编写代码来调用Win32+API，那么它在Linux上就不存在了。如果你使用Windows编写代码，在POSIX中它不会直接跳出来。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1271854|要了解更多信息，请下载一个重要的开源程序(例如，Perl或Python)，并查看其“配置”脚本如何安排在这两个地方编译。|1271855|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_API|1|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POSIX|2|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl|3|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_%2528programming_language%2529^0|O|9|0|1W|5|1|0|O|4|2|T|6|3|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@$A|U|B|V|1|W]|$A|X|B|Y|1|Z]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|10|8|@]|9|@$A|11|B|12|1|13]|$A|14|B|15|1|16]]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|17|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|M]]|N|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|O]]|P|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|Q]]|R|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|S]]]]

Each operating system defines an API. If you code to call the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_API" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Win32 API</a>, it won't be there on Linux. If you code to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POSIX" rel="nofollow noreferrer">POSIX</a> API, it won't jump right out at you in Windows.

To learn more about this, download a significant open source program (for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Perl</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_%28programming_language%29" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Python</a>) and see how its 'configure' script makes arrangements to compile in either place.

blocks|key|154355|text|当C%2B%2B程序在平台上编译时，它最终会变成机器可以理解的形式(即机器代码)。在幕后，该程序使用系统调用来执行特权操作。这些系统调用是通过方法或API实现的。这些方法因平台而异。因此，在每个平台上，编译后的代码都是不同的。如果你想在不同的平台上编译你的代码，有很多交叉编译器可用。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|154356|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

When a C++ program is compiled on a platform, it ultimately changes into a form that machine can understand (i.e. Machine code). Under the hood, the program uses system calls to perform privileged action. These system calls are implemented via methods or APIs. These methods differ from platform to platform. Hence on every platform, the compiled code is different. There are many cross-compilers available if you want to compile your code for a different platform.

blocks|key|155006|text|C%2B%2B本身是可移植的。但有些C%2B%2B库不是这样。如果一个C%2B%2B程序使用了一些不可移植的库，那么这个程序就是不可移植的。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|155007|例如，一个C%2B%2B程序使用MFC来绘制图形用户界面，因为只有Windows支持MFC，所以这个C%2B%2B程序不能直接在Linux上编译或运行。|offset|length|155008|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Foundation_Class_Library^0|0|C|3|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@$D|P|E|Q|1|R]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|A|$L|M]]]]

C++ is itself portable. But some C++ libraries are not. If a C++ program uses some libraries, which are not portable, then this program is not portable.

For example, a C++ program uses <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Foundation_Class_Library" rel="nofollow noreferrer">MFC</a> to draw the GUI stuff, because MFC is supported only in Windows, so this C++ program cannot be compiled or run on Linux directly.

blocks|key|1271995|text|主要有两个原因。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1271996|Theoretically，同样的程序(源代码)用于某些语言，如C，可以在Windows和Linux上运行。但编译只是不同而已；这意味着您必须为每个平台编译相同的源代码文件。|offset|length|style|BOLD|1271997|但实际上，每个操作系统都有一组不同的API。以及更快完成工作的不同技术...这通常会吸引开发人员使用它们。而且它们不遵守标准，因此失去了可移植性。|1271998|这是针对本机程序的。无论如何，有Java和Python语言...它们是真正的跨平台，但为了可移植性，您必须牺牲速度。|1271999|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_%2528programming_language%2529|1|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_%2528programming_language%2529^0|0|0|D|0|0|G|4|0|L|6|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|W|8|@$D|X|E|Y|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|6|7|10|8|@]|9|@$D|11|E|12|1|13]|$D|14|E|15|1|16]]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|-4|5|6|7|17|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|M|$N|$5|O|P|Q|A|$R|S]]|T|$5|O|P|Q|A|$R|U]]]]

There are two major reasons.

Theoretically, the same program (source code) for some languages like C, can run on both Windows and Linux. But the compilation only differs; this means you have to compile the same source code file for each platform.

But actually, each operating system has a different set of APIs. And different techniques to get job done faster... Which usually attract developers to use them. And they don't stick to standards, so they lose portability.

This was for native programs... Anyway, there are the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_%28programming_language%29" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Java</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_%28programming_language%29" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Python</a> languages... They are truly cross-platform, but you have to sacrifice speed for sake of portability.

blocks|key|2681342|text|这是一个很大的话题。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2681343|2681344|首先，Windows和Linux不是二进制可比较的。这意味着从一台机器到另一台机器，即使是最简单的程序也无法识别。这就是为什么像PHP、Perl、Python和Java这样的解释型语言变得如此流行，但即使这些语言在每种platform.|ordered-list-item|offset|length|2681345|Library依赖/+OS支持上也不都支持相同的功能集:任何非常复杂的程序都需要以某种方式访问系统，而在一个系统上可用的许多功能在另一个系统上是不可用的。有一百万个这样的例子；只要看看Linux的等价物空白或Windows的空白即可。除了操作系统支持之外，应用程序主要是基于函数库构建的，其中一些函数并不能同时在两个系统上使用。|2681346|2681347|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP|1|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl|2|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_%2528programming_language%2529|3|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_%2528programming_language%2529^0|0|0|1S|3|0|1W|4|1|21|6|2|28|4|3|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|C|3|D|5|E|7|10|8|@]|9|@$F|11|G|12|1|13]|$F|14|G|15|1|16]|$F|17|G|18|1|19]|$F|1A|G|1B|1|1C]]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|E|7|1D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|-4|5|6|7|1E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|1F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|L|$M|$5|N|O|P|A|$Q|R]]|S|$5|N|O|P|A|$Q|T]]|U|$5|N|O|P|A|$Q|V]]|W|$5|N|O|P|A|$Q|X]]]]

This is a large topic. 

<ol>
<li>First, Windows and Linux aren't binary comparable. This means that even the simplest of programs will not be recognized from one machine to the other. This is why interpreted languages like <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" rel="nofollow noreferrer">PHP</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Perl</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_%28programming_language%29" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Python</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_%28programming_language%29" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Java</a> are becoming so popular, but even these don't all support the same set of features on each platform.</li>
<li>Library dependence / OS support: Any significantly complicated program will need to access the system is some way, and many of the features available on one system are not available on the other. There are a million examples; just look on so for the Linux equivalent of blank or Windows equivalent of blank. Moving beyond OS support applications are built mostly on top of libraries of functions and some of those are just not available on both systems.</li>
</ol>

blocks|key|1272064|text|不是太过学究，但开发一个程序与构建并执行它是不同的。在许多情况下，在一个操作系统上编写的程序可以编译并在另一个操作系统上执行。其他程序，正如其他人所指出的那样，依赖于仅由特定操作系统或仅驻留在该操作系统上的库提供的某些功能。因此，它必须在该操作系统上构建和运行。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1272065|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

Not to be overly pedantic, but developing a program is different than building it and executing it. In many cases, a program written on one operating system can be built and compiled to execute on another. Other programs, as others have pointed out, rely on certain functionality provided only by a particular OS or libraries resident only on that OS. As a result, it must be built and run on that OS.

What's the difference between a program developed in C++ under Windows and Linux?

Why can't a program developed under Windows in C++ be used under Linux?

The difference between a program in C++ developed under Windows and Linux

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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在Windows和Linux下用C++开发的程序有什么不同？为什么在C++下开发的程序不能在Linux下使用？

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