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社区首页 >问答首页 >在python3.7中安装qutip软件包会产生错误

问在python3.7中安装qutip软件包会产生错误
EN

Unix & Linux用户
提问于 2019-06-25 11:37:00
回答 2查看 1.5K关注 0票数 1

我正在使用Python3.7.3运行LinuxMint19.1，并试图安装qu技巧包。我已经安装了以下内容，因此应该满足依赖关系：

代码语言：javascript
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NumPy-1.16.4
SciPy-1.3.0
Maplotlib-3.1.0
Cython-0.29.10
GCC-8.0.1

我不确定Python Header依赖关系，但我运行了

代码语言：javascript
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sudo apt-get install python3.7-dev

没有错误，因为这是我在谷歌搜索时唯一能找到的东西。当我尝试使用qutip安装pip时，我得到了error: invalid command 'bdist_wheel'两次，Failed building wheel for py-postgresql和Failed to build qubit py-postgresql，之后它说安装成功了，请参见终端的完整打印：

代码语言：javascript
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$ python3.7 -m pip install qubit
Collecting qubit
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7e/fb/b9f75dba12698a1c394d9732d6d05008cc8a4d1d4854fc7201792e908626/qubit-0.0.1.tar.gz
Collecting Flask==0.11.1 (from qubit)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/63/2b/01f5ed23a78391f6e3e73075973da0ecb467c831376a0b09c0ec5afd7977/Flask-0.11.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting py-postgresql==1.1.0 (from qubit)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/4c/cf/43d0287866f30f8b6f10ece19568fcda5477346c0f63bf5e9fb5c5eef121/py-postgresql-1.1.0.zip
Collecting pytest==3.0.3 (from qubit)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a4/e9/bf75a9a91c4a545bad262937d1defa90d95ac912118a706406e21aef889a/pytest-3.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting click>=2.0 (from Flask==0.11.1->qubit)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fa/37/45185cb5abbc30d7257104c434fe0b07e5a195a6847506c074527aa599ec/Click-7.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting Jinja2>=2.4 (from Flask==0.11.1->qubit)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1d/e7/fd8b501e7a6dfe492a433deb7b9d833d39ca74916fa8bc63dd1a4947a671/Jinja2-2.10.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting Werkzeug>=0.7 (from Flask==0.11.1->qubit)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9f/57/92a497e38161ce40606c27a86759c6b92dd34fcdb33f64171ec559257c02/Werkzeug-0.15.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting itsdangerous>=0.21 (from Flask==0.11.1->qubit)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/76/ae/44b03b253d6fade317f32c24d100b3b35c2239807046a4c953c7b89fa49e/itsdangerous-1.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting py>=1.4.29 (from pytest==3.0.3->qubit)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/76/bc/394ad449851729244a97857ee14d7cba61ddb268dce3db538ba2f2ba1f0f/py-1.8.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting MarkupSafe>=0.23 (from Jinja2>=2.4->Flask==0.11.1->qubit)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/98/7b/ff284bd8c80654e471b769062a9b43cc5d03e7a615048d96f4619df8d420/MarkupSafe-1.1.1-cp37-cp37m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl
Building wheels for collected packages: qubit, py-postgresql
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for qubit ... error
  Complete output from command /usr/bin/python3.7 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-bohuey6f/qubit/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" bdist_wheel -d /tmp/tmpy8xqxz6ipip-wheel- --python-tag cp37:
  usage: -c [global_opts] cmd1 [cmd1_opts] [cmd2 [cmd2_opts] ...]
     or: -c --help [cmd1 cmd2 ...]
     or: -c --help-commands
     or: -c cmd --help

  error: invalid command 'bdist_wheel'

  ----------------------------------------
  Failed building wheel for qubit
  Running setup.py clean for qubit
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for py-postgresql ... error
  Complete output from command /usr/bin/python3.7 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-bohuey6f/py-postgresql/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" bdist_wheel -d /tmp/tmpl3nlfezopip-wheel- --python-tag cp37:
  usage: -c [global_opts] cmd1 [cmd1_opts] [cmd2 [cmd2_opts] ...]
     or: -c --help [cmd1 cmd2 ...]
     or: -c --help-commands
     or: -c cmd --help

  error: invalid command 'bdist_wheel'

  ----------------------------------------
  Failed building wheel for py-postgresql
  Running setup.py clean for py-postgresql
Failed to build qubit py-postgresql
Installing collected packages: click, MarkupSafe, Jinja2, Werkzeug, itsdangerous, Flask, py-postgresql, py, pytest, qubit
  Running setup.py install for py-postgresql ... done
  Running setup.py install for qubit ... done
Successfully installed Flask-0.11.1 Jinja2-2.10.1 MarkupSafe-1.1.1 Werkzeug-0.15.4 click-7.0 itsdangerous-1.1.0 py-1.8.0 py-postgresql-1.1.0 pytest-3.0.3 qubit-0.0.1
In ~/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages

然后，我可以在qutip中看到两个名为~/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages和qutip-4.3.1-py3.7.egg-info的目录，但是如果我运行python3.7并尝试为名为IndexMixin的东西import qutip ImportError，为apt_pkg设置ModuleNotFoundError，请参见完整的打印输出。

代码语言：javascript
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$ python3.7
Python 3.7.3 (default, Apr  3 2019, 19:16:38) 
[GCC 8.0.1 20180414 (experimental) [trunk revision 259383]] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import qutip
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in 
  File "/home/kajsa/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/qutip/__init__.py", line 171, in 
    from qutip.qobj import *
  File "/home/kajsa/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/qutip/qobj.py", line 60, in 
    from qutip.fastsparse import fast_csr_matrix, fast_identity
  File "/home/kajsa/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/qutip/fastsparse.py", line 37, in 
    from scipy.sparse.sputils import (upcast, upcast_char, to_native, isdense, isshape,
ImportError: cannot import name 'IndexMixin' from 'scipy.sparse.sputils' (/home/kajsa/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/scipy/sparse/sputils.py)
Error in sys.excepthook:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport_python_hook.py", line 63, in apport_excepthook
    from apport.fileutils import likely_packaged, get_recent_crashes
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport/__init__.py", line 5, in 
    from apport.report import Report
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport/report.py", line 30, in 
    import apport.fileutils
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport/fileutils.py", line 23, in 
    from apport.packaging_impl import impl as packaging
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport/packaging_impl.py", line 24, in 
    import apt
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apt/__init__.py", line 23, in 
    import apt_pkg
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'apt_pkg'

Original exception was:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in 
  File "/home/kajsa/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/qutip/__init__.py", line 171, in 
    from qutip.qobj import *
  File "/home/kajsa/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/qutip/qobj.py", line 60, in 
    from qutip.fastsparse import fast_csr_matrix, fast_identity
  File "/home/kajsa/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/qutip/fastsparse.py", line 37, in 
    from scipy.sparse.sputils import (upcast, upcast_char, to_native, isdense, isshape,
ImportError: cannot import name 'IndexMixin' from 'scipy.sparse.sputils' (/home/kajsa/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/scipy/sparse/sputils.py)
>>>

有什么原因吗？

pip
linux-mint
python3
EN

回答 2

Unix & Linux用户

回答已采纳

发布于 2019-06-26 08:11:03

多亏@Bart，我成功地解决了所有的错误代码。我就是这么做的。

根据error: invalid command 'bdist_wheel'的说法，安装错误D0、Failed building wheel for py-postgresql和Failed to build qubit py-postgresql都是通过安装wheel解决的。总之，我只是跑了

代码语言：javascript
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python3.7 -m pip install wheel
python3.7 -m pip install --upgrade --force-reinstall qutip

ImportError: cannot import name 'IndexMixin' from 'scipy.sparse.sputils' (/home/kajsa/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/scipy/sparse/sputils.py)的问题是由于最新版本中的due包发生了变化。根据这一讨论的说法，这不仅仅是一个举动，而是对软件包的改变，所以我不得不安装一个旧版本的had。这是通过运行这些命令来完成的。

代码语言：javascript
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python3.7 -m pip uninstall scipy
python3.7 -m pip install scipy<1.3.0

最后，通过跟踪ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'apt_pkg'，解决了这个答案和评论问题。通过跑

代码语言：javascript
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sudo apt-get install --reinstall python3-apt
cd /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages
sudo ln -s apt_pkg.cpython-{36m,37m}-x86_64-linux-gnu.so

注意：如果您发现有一个错误，如

代码语言：javascript
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ERROR: Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'RECORD'
Consider using the `--user` option or check the permissions.

我假设您可以通过添加--user标志来解决这个问题，或者像我所做的那样，使用sudo -H作为根用户运行它。

代码语言：javascript
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sudo -H python3.7 -m pip install 'scipy<1.3.0'
票数 1
EN

Unix & Linux用户

发布于 2019-06-25 12:38:11

票数 1
EN
页面原文内容由Unix & Linux提供。腾讯云小微IT领域专用引擎提供翻译支持
原文链接：

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/526818

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