它的核心调用链路如下:展开代码语言:TXTAI代码解释requests.get()↓Session.request()↓Session.send()↓PreparedRequest↓HTTPAdapter.send 二、核心步骤拆解:从写下代码到字节流出发Step1:请求入口—Session.send()当我们调用requests.get()时,它只是个快捷方式,底层会立刻转交给Session类来处理。 如果不搞,你每一次requests.get()都要经历:创建socket->TCP三次握手->发数据->四次挥手销毁。在高并发爬虫场景下,频繁握手会让效率低到令人发指。 很多新手喜欢在函数内部写requests.get(),或者每次请求都声明一个全新的requests.Session()。 为了防止爬虫卡死在某些垃圾代理或慢速服务器上,强烈建议传入元组进行分阶段控制:展开代码语言:PythonAI代码解释#(连接超时,读取超时)requests.get(url,timeout=(3.05,27
requests.get()方法所有参数顺序:url(必选)、params、allow_redirects、auth、cert、cookies、headers、proxies、stream、timeout
#这个地方换一下ip和端口号 url = 'http://www.whatismyip.com.tw' #访问这个网站可以返回你的IP地址 以此验证是否变换成功 try: wb_data = requests.get
requests.readthedocs.io/projects/cn/zh_CN/latest/ 快捷请求: url ='https://leafbackaut.cn' # get请求 r = requests.get key2=value2&key1=value1 args = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'} r = requests.get(url, params=args # 获取请求头 r.request.headers Cookie: url = 'https://leafbackaut.cn' # 获取cookie r = requests.get(url) r.cookies # 添加cookie cookies = dict(cookies_are='working') r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies) ='https://leafbackaut.cn' r = requests.get(url) r.history # 禁用重定向 r = requests.get(url, allow_redirects
('https://github.com/Ranxf') # 最基本的不带参数的get请求 r1 = requests.get(url='http://dict.baidu.com/s', ('url',proxies=proxies) 汇总: # HTTP请求类型 # get类型 r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json') # ) #json处理 r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json') print(r.json()) # 需要先import json ('http://m.ctrip.com') print(r.status_code) # 响应头 r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com') print ( ('http://m.ctrip.com') print(r.status_code) # 响应头 r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com') print (
这几个单是看名字就晕的模块,requests 不仅功能强大,而且 api 简单易用,使用起来有如丝般顺滑 以下用实例演示 requests 的相关用法 构造 GET 请求 In [12]: r = requests.get "183.63.188.162", "url": "http://httpbin.org/get" } 在get请求中添加参数 # 直接在url拼接参数,能实现但不推荐 In [14]: r = requests.get name=saiyan_cat&age=3" } 抓取二进制数据 下载图片,无非就是将二进制数据下载后保存 import requests r = requests.get('https://github.com (read timeout=0.01) 程序遇到异常会中断执行,应该将异常捕获,由开发人员处理异常 import requests try: r = requests.get('https:// nginx认证 import requests from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth r = requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:8001
基本用法: requests.get()用于请求目标网站,类型是一个HTTPresponse类型 import requests response = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com 各种请求方式: import requests requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get') requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post 带参数的GET请求: 第一种直接将参数放在url内 import requests response = requests.get(http://httpbin.org/get? 简单保存一个二进制文件 二进制内容为response.content import requests response = requests.get('http://img.ivsky.com/img 获取cookie #获取cookie import requests response = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com') print(response.cookies
安装 pip3 install requests 请求 基本 GET 请求 import requests response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get foo=bar" # } params = {'foo': 'bar'} response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get', params=params foo=bar" # } json 解析 import requests params = {'foo': 'bar'} response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org foo=bar'} # <class 'dict'> 二进制数据 import requests response = requests.get('http://github.com/favicon.ico ('http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/foo/bar') response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies') print
proxies = { "http": 'http://123.123.123.10:5566', "https": 'https://123.123.123.10:443', } requests.get user:password@123.123.123.10:5566/', "https": 'socks5://user:password@123.123.123.10:5566/', } requests.get import requests r = requests.get('https://www.alibaba.com', timeout=0.1) print(r.status_code) 返回信息: 设置的timeout将作用于连接和读取这两个的timeout总和,也可以分别指定,传入一个元组: import requests r = requests.get('https://www.alibaba.com ('https://www.alibaba.com', timeout=None) print(r.status_code) r1 = requests.get('https://www.alibaba.com
一、获取网页内容 分析: res = requests.get(“http://www.baidu.com“) res.text返回的是Unicode型的数据。 方法1:使用res.content,得到的是bytes型,再转为str url='http://news.baidu.com' res = requests.get(url) html=res.content html_doc=html.decode("utf-8","ignore") print(html_doc) 方法2:使用res.text url="http://news.baidu.com" res=requests.get =res.content withopen('test.html','wb') as f: f.write(html) 方法2:r.content为bytes型,转为str后存储 res = requests.get ) withopen('test5.html','w',encoding="utf-8") as f: f.write(html_doc) 方法3:r.text为str,可以直接存储 res=requests.get
requests库发送请求将网页内容下载下来以后,并不会执行js代码,这需要我们自己分析目标站点然后发起新的request请求 #安装:pip3 install requests #各种请求方式:常用的就是requests.get ()和requests.post() >>> import requests >>> r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events') >>> r = wd=%s&pn=1' %keyword response=requests.get(url, headers={ For example, GitHub redirects all HTTP requests to HTTPS: >>> r = requests.get('http://github.com') #看一看默认的加密方式吧,通常网站都不会用默认的加密设置 import requests from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth r=requests.get('
发送GET请求 使用requests.get()发送GET请求,只需要传入URL即可: import requests resp = requests.get('http://example.com/ 请求参数 通过params参数传递URL查询参数: params = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'} resp = requests.get(url, params 请求头部 通过headers参数设置HTTP头部信息: headers = {'User-Agent': 'MyBrowser'} resp = requests.get(url, headers=headers 超时设置 通过timeout参数设置超时时长(秒): resp = requests.get(url, timeout=3) # 设置3秒超时 7. SSL证书验证 忽略验证: r = requests.get(url, verify=False) 使用系统/自定义证书: r = requests.get(url, verify='/path/to
每一个请求方法都有一个对应的API: ①发送GET请求:get()方法 response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get') print(response 例1: response = requests.get('http://www.quanshuwang.com') print(response.text) #回忆一下乱码怎么办 例1:爬取图片 response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get') print(response.json 例1: response = requests.get('') print(response.status_code) 5.响应报头:headers 属性 } response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/ip',proxies = proxy) #用代理发送get请求到ip接口 print
537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36'} url = 'http://www.dfac.com/' response = requests.get for j in range(len(result)): url = 'http://www.dfac.com' + result[j] r = requests.get data['body'][str]: url = 'http://www.baicmotorsales.com' + item.get('modelPicPc') r = requests.get try: url = 'http://www.gwm.com.cn' + item['Pics']['F'] except: continue r = requests.get requests.get(url=., headers=., verify=False) 在发送请求时把验证SSL证书关掉, 设置verify为False,要不然会报错(广汽)。
简单易用 安装: pip install requests import requests url='http://new.nginxs.net/ip.php' requet使用http各种方法 s=requests.get "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0(X11;Ubuntu;Linuxx86_64;rv:39.0)Gecko/20100101Firefox/39.0"} #这里也是一个字典 s=requests.get (url,headers=headers) 添加cookies cookies={'from-my': 'browser'} requests.get(url,cookies=cook) 添加超时时间 s = requests.get(url, timeout=0.001 ) 添加代理 proxies={"http":"http://109.226.237.185:80"} #这里同样是字典,可以写多个类型代理例如 (url,proxies=proxies) 用户验证 response = requests.get(url,auth=('dan','h0tdish')) 请求结果信息获取 print s.content
1.简单爬取百度网页内容: 爬取百度网页源代码: import requests r=requests.get("http://www.baidu.com") r.status_code r.encoding 2.爬取网页的通用代码框架:(这里继续选用百度网页) 爬取网页的通用代码框架 import requests def getHTMLText(url): try: r=requests.get url)) 爬取结果展示 3.京东商品页面爬取 京东商品页面爬取 import requests url="http://item.jd.com/2967929.html" try: r=requests.get 结果展示: 5.百度搜索全代码 百度搜索全代码 import requests keyword="Python" try: kv={ 'wd':'keyword'} r=requests.get 结果展示: 6.360搜索全代码 360搜素全代码 import requests keyword="Python" try: kv={ 'q':keyword} r=requests.get
('https://github.com/Ranxf') # 最基本的不带参数的get请求 r1 = requests.get(url='http://dict.baidu.com/s', ('url',proxies=proxies) 汇总: # HTTP请求类型 # get类型 r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json') # ) #json处理 r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json') print(r.json()) # 需要先import json ('http://m.ctrip.com') print(r.status_code) # 响应头 r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com') print ( ('http://m.ctrip.com') print(r.status_code) # 响应头 r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com') print (
一、安装
pip快速安装pip install requests
二、使用
1、先上一串代码
import requests
response = requests.get("https://www.baidu.com requests
url = 'http://httpbin.org/get'
data = {
'name':'zhangsan',
'age':'25'
}
response = requests.get 1、requests中response.json()方法等同于json.loads(response.text)方法
import requests
import json
response = requests.get import requests
url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/'
response = requests.get(url)
response.encoding = "utf ('http://120.27.34.24:9001', auth=HTTPBasicAuth('user', '123'))
#方法二
r = requests.get('http://
二、用法 1、使用 Requests 发送网络请求 import requests r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json http://httpbin.org/get") 2、传递 URL 参数 payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'} r = requests.get Image.open(BytesIO(r.content)) 5、JSON 响应内容 Requests 中也有一个内置的 JSON ××× import requests r = requests.get 例:Github 将所有的 HTTP 请求重定向到 HTTPS: r = requests.get('http://github.com') r.url 'https://github.com 如果不使用,你的程序可能会永远失去响应: requests.get('http://github.com', timeout=0.001) 注意: timeout仅对连接过程有效,与响应体的下载无关
网页代码 保存数据 (把图片下载下来) 目标网站 简单的通用爬虫代码 import requests import parsel import re import os page_html = requests.get range(1, int(pages) + 1): print(f'==================正在爬取第{page}页==================') response = requests.get if not os.path.exists('img/' + title): os.mkdir('img/' + title) resp = requests.get response = requests.get(url=html_url, headers=headers) return response 保存数据 def save(title, img_url ): img_data = requests.get(img_url).content img_name = img_url.split('/')[-1] with open("